Publicación: Perfil clínico-epidemiológico y factores de riesgo asociados al evento cerebrovascular isquémico en pacientes adultos atendidos en el área de emergencias del Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud, período 2020–2024
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2026
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] El evento cerebrovascular isquémico constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad y discapacidad neurológica a nivel mundial, afectando principalmente a pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovasculares como hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y tabaquismo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico y los factores de riesgo asociados al evento cerebrovascular isquémico en pacientes adultos atendidos en el área de emergencias del Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud durante el período 2020–2024. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante la revisión de expedientes clínicos. Las variables analizadas incluyeron edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y destino hospitalario de los pacientes. Los resultados mostraron un predominio de pacientes entre 70 y 79 años para un 26.3%; y una mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino equivalente al 52.5%. La hipertensión arterial fue el principal factor de riesgo identificado con un 54.2%, seguida de diabetes mellitus con un 22.3%. y el tabaquismo en un 6.2 %. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas predominó el déficit motor con un 47.6%, mientras que la tomografía axial computarizada constituyó uno de los principales métodos diagnósticos utilizados con un 31.4%. Se concluyó que el evento cerebrovascular isquémico mantiene una estrecha relación con factores de riesgo cardiovasculares modificables, evidenciando la necesidad de fortalecer las estrategias de prevención, diagnóstico oportuno y control de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
[English] Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and neurological disability worldwide, mainly affecting patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. The objective of this research was to analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile and the risk factors associated with ischemic cerebrovascular events in adult patients treated in the emergency department of the Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud during the period 2020–2024. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted through the review of medical records. The analyzed variables included age, sex, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and hospital outcomes. The results showed a predominance of patients between 60 and 79 years old and a higher frequency in males. Arterial hypertension was identified as the main risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus and smoking. Among the clinical manifestations, motor deficit predominated, while computed axial tomography was one of the main diagnostic methods used. It was concluded that ischemic cerebrovascular disease is closely related to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting the need to strengthen prevention strategies, early diagnosis, and control of chronic non-communicable diseases.
[English] Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and neurological disability worldwide, mainly affecting patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. The objective of this research was to analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile and the risk factors associated with ischemic cerebrovascular events in adult patients treated in the emergency department of the Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud during the period 2020–2024. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted through the review of medical records. The analyzed variables included age, sex, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and hospital outcomes. The results showed a predominance of patients between 60 and 79 years old and a higher frequency in males. Arterial hypertension was identified as the main risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus and smoking. Among the clinical manifestations, motor deficit predominated, while computed axial tomography was one of the main diagnostic methods used. It was concluded that ischemic cerebrovascular disease is closely related to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting the need to strengthen prevention strategies, early diagnosis, and control of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Medicina de Emergencias y Desastres]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

