Publicación: Respuesta a tratamiento en pacientes de lepra en el Instituto Dermatológico y de Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz, en el período 2003-2016
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2021
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
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[Español] Introducción: La lepra, una de las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas u olvidadas (EID), según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica que puede ocasionar múltiples discapacidades, como ceguera y deformidades. Esta enfermedad se caracteriza por su periodo de incubación largo y sutil que puede enmascarar la infección. Una serie de factores de riesgo han sido descritos como significativos para el contagio y la transmisión de la enfermedad. Métodos: Este es un estudio observacional, tipo transversal, descriptivo, no experimental y retrospectivo. Se utilizaron fichas descriptivas con preguntas tipo selección múltiple. Se analizaron 32 pacientes con lepra atendidos en el Instituto Dominicano Dermatológico y de Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz. Resultados: En esta investigación el subtipo más frecuente de la enfermedad fue la lepra tuberculoide limítrofe (BT) en un 59.4% (n = 19) y el signo más común fue la placa hipopigmentada en un 96.9% (n = 31). Se evidenció mayor prevalencia en los hombres 71.9% (n = 23) que en las mujeres 28.1% (n = 9). Nuestro trabajo arrojó que, a mayor índice bacteriológico, más graves y extensas serán las manifestaciones clínicas del paciente. Se exhibió sólo un 3.1% (n = 1) de recidiva. Discusión: La poliquimioterapia es efectiva, no obstante, nuestra muestra precisó de mayor duración de tratamiento que lo establecido por la guía de la OMS. Tras la poliquimioterapia con dapsona, rifampicina y clofazimina el índice bacteriológico disminuyó un promedio de 58.6%.
[English] Introduction: Leprosy, one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a chronic granulomatous disease that can cause multiple disabilities such as deformities and blindness. This disease is characterized by its long, subtle incubation period that can mask the infection. A series of risk factors have been described as significant for the contagion and transmission of this disease. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, non-experimental and retrospective study carried out by analyzing clinical records of 32 leprosy patients treated at “Instituto Dominicano Dermatológico y de Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz”. Results: In this investigation, the most frequent subtype of the disease was borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) in 59.4% (n = 19) and the most common sign was hypopigmented plaque in 96.9% (n = 31). A higher prevalence was evidenced in men 71.9% (n = 23) than in women 28.1% (n = 9). Our analysis showed that the higher the bacteriological index, the more serious and extensive the clinical manifestations will be. Only 3.1% (n = 1) of recurrence was exhibited in the patients. Discussion: Polychemotherapy is effective, however, our sample required a longer duration of treatment than established by the WHO guideline. After the therapy with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine, the bacteriological index decreased by an average of 58.6%.
[English] Introduction: Leprosy, one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a chronic granulomatous disease that can cause multiple disabilities such as deformities and blindness. This disease is characterized by its long, subtle incubation period that can mask the infection. A series of risk factors have been described as significant for the contagion and transmission of this disease. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, non-experimental and retrospective study carried out by analyzing clinical records of 32 leprosy patients treated at “Instituto Dominicano Dermatológico y de Cirugía de Piel Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz”. Results: In this investigation, the most frequent subtype of the disease was borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) in 59.4% (n = 19) and the most common sign was hypopigmented plaque in 96.9% (n = 31). A higher prevalence was evidenced in men 71.9% (n = 23) than in women 28.1% (n = 9). Our analysis showed that the higher the bacteriological index, the more serious and extensive the clinical manifestations will be. Only 3.1% (n = 1) of recurrence was exhibited in the patients. Discussion: Polychemotherapy is effective, however, our sample required a longer duration of treatment than established by the WHO guideline. After the therapy with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine, the bacteriological index decreased by an average of 58.6%.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo de grado, Medicina]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: https://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/1121