Publicación: Eficacia de la inyección de bevacizumab subconjuntival en edema macular diabético perifoveal y parafoveas vs. bromfenaco tópico en los pacientes que acudieron a consulta de oftalmología del Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición (INDEN), en el período mayo 2023 a mayo 2024
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2024
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] El edema macular diabético (EMD) representa la primera causa de disminución de agudeza visual en estos pacientes, que puede estar o no acompañada de retinopatía diabética. Ésta se presenta como un engrosamiento de la zona de mejor visión denominada mácula y está dada por la alteración de las barreras hematorretinianas internas y externas por las hiperglucemias sostenidas y el aumento del sorbitol, liberando una cascada de procesos como la liberación de factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial (VEGF), aumento de la permeabilidad vascular y alteraciones anatomo-fisiológicas. De igual forma, existen casos donde se engrosa la zona perifoveal y la parafoveal con grosor macular central conservado. Entre los tratamientos más usados están las inyecciones intravítreas de anti-VEGF, qué conducta se puede tomar cuando ya están esos cambios ya que el Bevacizumab u otra terapia no son una alternativa para tratarlo de forma profiláctica. Objetivo: conocer la eficacia del Bevacizumab versus el Bromfenaco tópico en edema macular diabético perifoveal y parafoveal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, no experimental, no probabilístico con el fin de determinar la eficacia del uso de la inyección subconjuntival de Bevacizumab subconjuntival versus Bromfenaco tópico en el EMD perifoveal y parafoveal en los pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de Oftalmología del Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición (INDEN) en el período mayo 2024 a mayo 2024. Se evaluaron 26 pacientes para un total de 46 ojos diagnosticados con EMD perifoveal y parafoveal. Se establecieron 3 grupos de estudios conformados de la siguiente manera: grupo A, inyectados con Bevacizumab subconjuntival 3 dosis quincenales y OCT control, y el grupo B y C formados por 16 ojos respectivamente donde el grupo B, es el grupo control, el cual se le colocó hialuronato de sodio tópico y OCT control en 3 meses y el grupo C, formado por aquellos que se le prescribió Bromfenaco tópico por 3 meses y OCT control. Resultados: El rango etario más frecuente fue el comprendido entre 51 a 60 años. El sexo femenino fue el más afectado (58.7%). El 60.9% de la muestra estuvo constituido por pacientes fáquicos. El grupo A presentó 42.85% una mejoría visual de 0,3 en escala de LogMar superior a los otros grupos de estudios post-tratamiento. Discusión: el Bevacizumab subconjuntival demostró mayor eficacia en el efecto terapéutico, al lograr disminuir de manera significativa el grosor macular perifoveal y parafoveal, con una reducción menor del grosor macular central por lo que presenta cierto grado de seguridad. No se presentaron efectos adversos sistémicos ni locales. Hay que valorar estudios con muestras más grandes y con mayor control de las variables para así intentar obtener resultados más concretos y con seguimiento más extensos.
[English] Diabetic macular edema (DME) represents the first cause of decreased visual acuity in these patients, which may or may not be accompanied by diabetic retinopathy. This presents as a thickening of the area of best vision called the macula and is caused by the alteration of the internal and external blood-retinal barriers due to sustained hyperglycemia and the increase in sorbitol, releasing a cascade of processes such as the release of endothelial vascular growth factor (VEGF), increased vascular permeability and anatomical-physiological alterations. In the same way, there are cases where the perifoveal and parafoveal areas thicken with preserved central macular thickness. It is well known that among the most used treatments are intravitreal injections of antiangiogenics, but what course of action it should be taken when these changes are already there, but the use bevacizumab or another therapy is not an alternative to treat it prophylactically and before vision is affected. Objective: to know the effectiveness of Bevacizumab versus topical Bromfenac in perifoveal and parafoveal diabetic macular edema. Methods: a retrospective, observational, non-experimental, non-probabilistic study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of the use of subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab subconjunctival versus Bromfenac with perifoveal and parafoveal diabetic macular edema in patients who attended the consultation of Ophthalmology of the National Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (INDEN) in the period May 2024 to May 2024. 26 patients were evaluated for a total of 46 eyes diagnosed with perifoveal and parafoveal diabetic macular edema, 3 groups of studies were established as follows: group A injected subconjunctival Bevacizumab 3 biweekly doses and control OCT and group B and C formed for 16 eyes respectively where group B is the control group, which was given topical sodium hyaluronate and control OCT in 3 months and group C, formed by those who were prescribed topical Bromfenac for 3 months and control OCT. Results: The most common age range was between 51 and 60 years old. The female sex was the most affected (58.7%). 60.9% of the sample consisted of phakic patients. Group A presented 42.85% a visual improvement of 0.3 on the LogMar scale higher than the other post-treatment study groups. Discussion: subconjunctival Bevacizumab demonstrated greater efficacy in the therapeutic effect, achieving a significant reduction in perifoveal and parafoveal macular thickness, but with a smaller reduction in central macular thickness, so it presents a certain degree of safety compared to topical Bromfenac. There were no systemic or local adverse effects. Studies with larger samples and with greater control of the variables must be evaluated to try to obtain more specific results and with longer follow-up.
[English] Diabetic macular edema (DME) represents the first cause of decreased visual acuity in these patients, which may or may not be accompanied by diabetic retinopathy. This presents as a thickening of the area of best vision called the macula and is caused by the alteration of the internal and external blood-retinal barriers due to sustained hyperglycemia and the increase in sorbitol, releasing a cascade of processes such as the release of endothelial vascular growth factor (VEGF), increased vascular permeability and anatomical-physiological alterations. In the same way, there are cases where the perifoveal and parafoveal areas thicken with preserved central macular thickness. It is well known that among the most used treatments are intravitreal injections of antiangiogenics, but what course of action it should be taken when these changes are already there, but the use bevacizumab or another therapy is not an alternative to treat it prophylactically and before vision is affected. Objective: to know the effectiveness of Bevacizumab versus topical Bromfenac in perifoveal and parafoveal diabetic macular edema. Methods: a retrospective, observational, non-experimental, non-probabilistic study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of the use of subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab subconjunctival versus Bromfenac with perifoveal and parafoveal diabetic macular edema in patients who attended the consultation of Ophthalmology of the National Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (INDEN) in the period May 2024 to May 2024. 26 patients were evaluated for a total of 46 eyes diagnosed with perifoveal and parafoveal diabetic macular edema, 3 groups of studies were established as follows: group A injected subconjunctival Bevacizumab 3 biweekly doses and control OCT and group B and C formed for 16 eyes respectively where group B is the control group, which was given topical sodium hyaluronate and control OCT in 3 months and group C, formed by those who were prescribed topical Bromfenac for 3 months and control OCT. Results: The most common age range was between 51 and 60 years old. The female sex was the most affected (58.7%). 60.9% of the sample consisted of phakic patients. Group A presented 42.85% a visual improvement of 0.3 on the LogMar scale higher than the other post-treatment study groups. Discussion: subconjunctival Bevacizumab demonstrated greater efficacy in the therapeutic effect, achieving a significant reduction in perifoveal and parafoveal macular thickness, but with a smaller reduction in central macular thickness, so it presents a certain degree of safety compared to topical Bromfenac. There were no systemic or local adverse effects. Studies with larger samples and with greater control of the variables must be evaluated to try to obtain more specific results and with longer follow-up.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Oftalmología]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: https://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/2223