Publicación: Frecuencia de accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos y factores de riesgos en pacientes con foramen oval permeable del Centro de Medicina Cardiovascular Asociada, en el período comprendido entre enero del año 2017 y junio del año 2020
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2021
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
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[Español] Introducción: Existen numerosas causas de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, entre ellas se encuentra la aterosclerótica, la cardioembólica y la lacunar. Sin embargo, del 35% al 40% se les refiere como accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) criptogénico o de causa no identificable, por lo que es más difícil de prevenir, siendo este tipo de evento más común en paciente menores de 55 años de edad. Una de las causas más frecuentes de ACV criptogénicos son los émbolos paradójicos, los cuales se originan de las venas y atraviesan a la circulación arterial cerebral mediante un foramen oval permeable (FOP). El foramen oval permeable se ha demostrado más prevalente (40-50%) en personas con ACV criptogénicos en comparación con la población en general (20- 25%). Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y los principales factores de riesgo presentes en accidentes vasculocerebrales isquémicos en pacientes con foramen ovale permeable. Materiales y Métodos: Utilizamos un método observacional descriptivo de tipo transversal. Población: todos los pacientes que se realizaron ecocardiogramas en el Centro de Medicina Cardiovascular Asociada desde enero 2017 a junio 2020. La población fue de 1,528 pacientes. Resultados: Se revisaron 1528 ecocardiogramas encontrando 86 pacientes con FOP correspondiente a un 5.63% de incidencia de foramen oval permeable en la población, de aquellos con FOP, 51 pacientes habían presentado ACV isquémico representando un 59% de los casos. Se vio una mayor distribución de ACV en los pacientes de 31-40 años con un 33% de la muestra, igualmente se observó una mayor incidencia en pacientes femeninas representando un 76%. La historia de hipertensión fue mayor en el rango de 31-40 años con un 19.61%. 61% de la muestra mostró niveles por encima de los óptimos de c-LDL. Un 41.18% de la muestra presentó un índice de masa corporal entre 25 y 29.9. La historia del tabaquismo fue un hallazgo positivo en el 47% de los pacientes, al igual que una historia de aneurisma del septum interauricular. La historia de migraña estaba presente en un 39.2% de la muestra. Discusión: Se identificó un mayor riesgo de ACV en pacientes femeninas, de 31-40 años de edad, con antecedente de hipertensión, tabaquismo, aneurisma del septum interauricular, migraña, y dislipidemia.
[English] Introduction: There are numerous causes of ischemic stroke, including atherosclerotic, cardioembolic and lacunar. However, 35% to 40% are referred to as a cryptogenic stroke or an unidentifiable cause, making it more difficult to prevent, being this type of accident more common in patients under 55 years of age. One of the most common causes of cryptogenic stroke is paradoxical emboli, which originate from the veins and cross the cerebral arterial circulation through a PFO. Patent foramen ovale has been shown to be more prevalent (40- 50%) in people with cryptogenic stroke compared to the general population (20-25%). Objective: To identify the main risk factors present in ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in patients with patent foramen ovale. Materials and Methods: We use a cross-sectional descriptive observational method. Population: all patients who underwent echocardiograms at the Centro de Medicina Cardiovascular Asociada from January 2017 to June 2020. The population was 1,528 patients. Results: 1528 echocardiograms were reviewed, finding 86 patients with PFO corresponding to a 5.63% incidence of PFO in the population; of those with PFO, 51 patients had presented cryptogenic stroke, representing 59% of the cases. A greater distribution of stroke was seen in patients aged 31-40 years with 33% of the sample, a higher incidence was also observed in female patients representing 76% of the cases. The history of hypertension was greater in the range of 31-40 years with 19.61%. A high number of patients equaling 61% of the sample showed above-optimal levels of LDL-C. 41.18% of the sample presented a body mass index between 25 and 29.9. A history of smoking was a positive finding in 47% of patients, as was a history of an interatrial septal aneurysm. The history of migraine was present in 39.2% of the sample. Discussion: The results demonstrate the highest risk for ischemic vasculo-cerebral accident were females, 31-40 years of age with history of hypertension, smoking, atrial septal aneurism, migraine, and dyslipidemia.
[English] Introduction: There are numerous causes of ischemic stroke, including atherosclerotic, cardioembolic and lacunar. However, 35% to 40% are referred to as a cryptogenic stroke or an unidentifiable cause, making it more difficult to prevent, being this type of accident more common in patients under 55 years of age. One of the most common causes of cryptogenic stroke is paradoxical emboli, which originate from the veins and cross the cerebral arterial circulation through a PFO. Patent foramen ovale has been shown to be more prevalent (40- 50%) in people with cryptogenic stroke compared to the general population (20-25%). Objective: To identify the main risk factors present in ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in patients with patent foramen ovale. Materials and Methods: We use a cross-sectional descriptive observational method. Population: all patients who underwent echocardiograms at the Centro de Medicina Cardiovascular Asociada from January 2017 to June 2020. The population was 1,528 patients. Results: 1528 echocardiograms were reviewed, finding 86 patients with PFO corresponding to a 5.63% incidence of PFO in the population; of those with PFO, 51 patients had presented cryptogenic stroke, representing 59% of the cases. A greater distribution of stroke was seen in patients aged 31-40 years with 33% of the sample, a higher incidence was also observed in female patients representing 76% of the cases. The history of hypertension was greater in the range of 31-40 years with 19.61%. A high number of patients equaling 61% of the sample showed above-optimal levels of LDL-C. 41.18% of the sample presented a body mass index between 25 and 29.9. A history of smoking was a positive finding in 47% of patients, as was a history of an interatrial septal aneurysm. The history of migraine was present in 39.2% of the sample. Discussion: The results demonstrate the highest risk for ischemic vasculo-cerebral accident were females, 31-40 years of age with history of hypertension, smoking, atrial septal aneurism, migraine, and dyslipidemia.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo de grado, Medicina]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: https://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/584