Publicación: Factores asociados a las hipoglucemias que presentan los pacientes ingresados en el Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición (INDEN), en el periodo febrero-abril 2020. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
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2020
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] Introducción: Ante el conocimiento del daño agudo o crónico que puede causar un episodio de hipoglucemia es importante reconocer de manera temprana los factores asociados, para puedan ser reconocidos y evitar así las consecuencias negativas en nuestro paciente. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de tipo prospectivo y transversal, con el objetivo de identificar cuáles son los factores asociados a las hipoglucemias de los pacientes ingresados. La muestra estuvo conformada por 115 pacientes. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se uso un formulario de 12 preguntas cerradas. Resultados: 38.3% de los pacientes ingresados presentaron hipoglucemias. Edad más frecuente de 46-60 años con un 34.8%. Sexo masculino fue el más afectado con un 58.3%. Tipo de diabetes más predominante fue la DM2 con un 95.7% y la HTA comorbilidad más asociada con 70.4%. El diagnostico de ingreso principal fue del área de pie diabético con un 76.5%. Las glucemias al ingreso de 301-400 mg/dl fueron las más frecuentes con un 24.3% y hemoglobina glucosilada de 11.1-13% con un 26.1%. El tratamiento más utilizado fue el esquema de insulina basal bolus con un 37.4%. Los pacientes se mantuvieron asintomáticos en un 75.7%. El horario predominante de hipoglucemias fue horario matutino con un 44.3%. Los factores asociados a las hipoglucemias: 60% de los pacientes tuvieron ingesta insuficiente, 39.1% de los pacientes se le habían realizado correcciones con insulina rápida fuera de su esquema y 22.6% de los pacientes se le habían realizado procedimientos quirúrgicos. Al realizar los cruces de variables, se evidenció que de todos los pacientes ingresados el sexo femenino presento mas hipoglucemias, con un 8% (valor de P <0). Los pacientes con esquemas de insulina humana basal bolus, presentaron en mayor porcentaje hipoglucemias, con un 14.3% (valor de P <0). Los pacientes con ingesta insuficiente fueron los que en mayor porcentaje, con un 23% presentaron episodios de hipoglucemias (valor de P <0). Los pacientes que fueron corregidos con insulina rápida fuera de su esquema, en su mayoría presentaron hipoglucemias, con un porcentaje de un 15% (valor de P <0). Los pacientes que ya se le habían realizado procedimiento quirúrgico previo, presentaban hipoglucemias en mayor porcentaje con un 8.7% (valor de P <0). Discusión: El factor asociado más predominante a las hipoglucemias en pacientes ingresados fue la disminución de ingesta de alimentos.
[English] Introduction: Given the knowledge of the acute or chronic damage that a hypoglycemic episode can cause, it is important to recognize the associated factors early, so that they can be recognized and thus avoid the negative consequences in our patient. Material and methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study, with the aim of identifying what are the factors associated with hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. The sample consisted of 115 patients. As a data collection instrument, a form of 12 closed questions was used. Results: 38.3% of the admitted patients presented hypoglycemia. Most frequent age of 46-60 years with 34.8%. Male sex was the most affected with 58.3%. The most predominant type of diabetes was DM2 with 95.7% and HTA comorbidity more associated with 70.4%. The main admission diagnosis was of the diabetic foot area with 76.5%. Blood glucose levels at admission of 301-400 mg / dl were the most frequent with 24.3% and glycated hemoglobin of 11.1-13% with 26.1%. The most used treatment was the bolus basal insulin scheme with 37.4%. The patients remained asymptomatic in 75.7%. The predominant hypoglycemic schedule was morning with 44.3%. Factors associated with hypoglycemia: 60% of patients had insufficient intake. 39.1% of the patients had had their insulin corrected outside their schedule and 22.6% of the patients had undergone surgical procedures. When carrying out the variable crossings, it was evident that of all the patients admitted, the female sex presented more hypoglycemia, with 8% (P value <0). Patients with bolus basal human insulin regimens had a higher percentage of hypoglycemia, with 14.3% (P value <0). Patients with insufficient intake were the ones with the highest percentage, with 23% having episodes of hypoglycemia (P value <0). The patients who were corrected with fast insulin outside their scheme, most of them presented hypoglycemia, with a x percentage of 15% (P value <0). Patients who had already undergone a previous surgical procedure presented hypoglycemia in a higher percentage with 8.7% (P value <0). Discussion: The most predominant factor associated with hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients was the decrease in food intake.
[English] Introduction: Given the knowledge of the acute or chronic damage that a hypoglycemic episode can cause, it is important to recognize the associated factors early, so that they can be recognized and thus avoid the negative consequences in our patient. Material and methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study, with the aim of identifying what are the factors associated with hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. The sample consisted of 115 patients. As a data collection instrument, a form of 12 closed questions was used. Results: 38.3% of the admitted patients presented hypoglycemia. Most frequent age of 46-60 years with 34.8%. Male sex was the most affected with 58.3%. The most predominant type of diabetes was DM2 with 95.7% and HTA comorbidity more associated with 70.4%. The main admission diagnosis was of the diabetic foot area with 76.5%. Blood glucose levels at admission of 301-400 mg / dl were the most frequent with 24.3% and glycated hemoglobin of 11.1-13% with 26.1%. The most used treatment was the bolus basal insulin scheme with 37.4%. The patients remained asymptomatic in 75.7%. The predominant hypoglycemic schedule was morning with 44.3%. Factors associated with hypoglycemia: 60% of patients had insufficient intake. 39.1% of the patients had had their insulin corrected outside their schedule and 22.6% of the patients had undergone surgical procedures. When carrying out the variable crossings, it was evident that of all the patients admitted, the female sex presented more hypoglycemia, with 8% (P value <0). Patients with bolus basal human insulin regimens had a higher percentage of hypoglycemia, with 14.3% (P value <0). Patients with insufficient intake were the ones with the highest percentage, with 23% having episodes of hypoglycemia (P value <0). The patients who were corrected with fast insulin outside their scheme, most of them presented hypoglycemia, with a x percentage of 15% (P value <0). Patients who had already undergone a previous surgical procedure presented hypoglycemia in a higher percentage with 8.7% (P value <0). Discussion: The most predominant factor associated with hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients was the decrease in food intake.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Diabetología y Nutrición]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: http://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/269