Publicación: Factores que influyen en la no adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes hipertensos de 18 a 65 años que acuden a la consulta de medicina familiar y comunitaria en el Hospital Dr. Marcelino Vélez Santana, abril-junio 2025
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2025
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] El presente estudio cuantitativo, observacional y transversal, no probabilístico, evaluó la adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo y sus determinantes en pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria del Hospital Dr. Marcelino Vélez Santana (abril-junio 2025). Mediante un cuestionario estructurado se obtuvo una muestra de 212 pacientes hipertensos; con una edad aproximada de 56-65 años de edad, la mediana de tiempo con la enfermedad fue de 2-5 años (36.79%), predominando la monoterapia (53.7%). Aunque (79.25%) refirió acceso a los fármacos y el (55.17%) contaba con los recursos económicos para adquirir su tratamiento, la adherencia global resultó baja en (47.6%) de los participantes y solo (17.45%) alcanzó un nivel alto. El principal obstáculo identificado fue el comportamiento de olvido: (50.94%); un (26.89%) olvidó la medicación al salir de casa o viajar. Asimismo, (22.1%) suspendió el tratamiento cuando sus síntomas estaban controlados y (9.9%) lo modificó sin consultar a su médico tratante. Pese a que (92%) calificó positivamente la atención del personal de salud y (71.70%) negó sentir presión externa para cumplir la terapia. Estos hallazgos indican que las barreras materiales son menores frente a los factores conductuales y cognitivos. Se recomienda implementar intervenciones educativas centradas en la naturaleza asintomática de la hipertensión, programas de recordatorios digitales y seguimiento farmacéutico personalizado para revertir la elevada proporción de pacientes con adherencia insuficiente.
[English] This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and non-probabilistic study evaluated adherence to antihypertensive treatment and its determinants in patients who attended the Family and Community Medicine consultation at the Dr. Marcelino Vélez Santana Hospital (April–June 2025). Questionnaire was used to obtain a sample of 212 hypertensive patients; their approximate age ranged from 56 to 65 years, with a median disease duration of 2–5 years (36.79%), and monotherapy predominated (53.7%). Although 79.25% reported having access to medications and 55.17% had the financial resources to obtain their treatment, overall adherence was low in 47.6% of participants, and only 17.45% achieved a high adherence level. The main barrier identified was forgetfulness: 50.94%; 26.89% forgot their medication when leaving home or traveling. Additionally, 22.1% discontinued treatment when symptoms were under control, and 9.9% modified their regimen without consulting their treating physician. Despite 92% positively rating the healthcare staff's attention and 71.70% denying external pressure to comply with therapy, these findings indicate that material barriers are less significant compared to behavioral and cognitive factors. Educational interventions focused on the asymptomatic nature of hypertension, digital reminder programs, and personalized pharmaceutical follow- up are recommended to reverse the high proportion of patients with insufficient adherence.
[English] This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and non-probabilistic study evaluated adherence to antihypertensive treatment and its determinants in patients who attended the Family and Community Medicine consultation at the Dr. Marcelino Vélez Santana Hospital (April–June 2025). Questionnaire was used to obtain a sample of 212 hypertensive patients; their approximate age ranged from 56 to 65 years, with a median disease duration of 2–5 years (36.79%), and monotherapy predominated (53.7%). Although 79.25% reported having access to medications and 55.17% had the financial resources to obtain their treatment, overall adherence was low in 47.6% of participants, and only 17.45% achieved a high adherence level. The main barrier identified was forgetfulness: 50.94%; 26.89% forgot their medication when leaving home or traveling. Additionally, 22.1% discontinued treatment when symptoms were under control, and 9.9% modified their regimen without consulting their treating physician. Despite 92% positively rating the healthcare staff's attention and 71.70% denying external pressure to comply with therapy, these findings indicate that material barriers are less significant compared to behavioral and cognitive factors. Educational interventions focused on the asymptomatic nature of hypertension, digital reminder programs, and personalized pharmaceutical follow- up are recommended to reverse the high proportion of patients with insufficient adherence.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Maestría en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: