Publicación: Incidencia y características clínicas de pacientes con criterios de diálisis de emergencia en el Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud, en el período enero 2022 a diciembre 2025
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2026
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] La enfermedad renal y la necesidad de terapia de reemplazo renal de emergencia constituyen un problema relevante por su asociación con alteraciones metabólicas graves, elevada demanda hospitalaria y riesgo de complicaciones. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia hospitalaria y describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con criterios de diálisis de emergencia atendidos en el Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud entre enero de 2022 y diciembre de 2025. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal de prevalencia. Se incluyeron de manera exhaustiva 352 pacientes mayores de 18 años. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante revisión de expedientes clínicos y procesados en Microsoft Excel y SPSS mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los casos representaron el 2.2% de los 16,000 pacientes atendidos, equivalente a 22 por cada 1,000. Predominó el sexo masculino (72.2%) y el 63.4% tenía 50 años o más. La hipertensión arterial fue la comorbilidad más frecuente. La combinación de BUN mayor de 100 mg/dL e hiperkalemia superior a 6.5 mEq/L fue el hallazgo paraclínico más común (27.8%). El 22.7% ingresó a cuidados intensivos, la mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 17.6% y el 67.9% permaneció con requerimiento dialítico al egreso. Conclusión: la población estuvo constituida principalmente por hombres mayores de 50 años, con alta frecuencia de hipertensión y alteraciones metabólicas graves. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de fortalecer la detección temprana, el control de las comorbilidades y la referencia oportuna a nefrología.
[English] Kidney disease and the need for emergency renal replacement therapy represent a relevant health problem because of their association with severe metabolic abnormalities, high hospital resource utilization, and risk of complications. Objective: To determine the hospital frequency and describe the clinical characteristics of patients meeting criteria for emergency dialysis who were treated at the Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud between January 2022 and December 2025. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted. A total of 352 patients older than 18 years were included through exhaustive sampling. Data were obtained through medical record review and processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS with descriptive statistics. Results: The cases represented 2.2% of the 16,000 patients treated, equivalent to 22 cases per 1,000 patients. Males predominated (72.2%), and 63.4% of the patients were 50 years of age or older. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity. The combination of blood urea nitrogen levels greater than 100 mg/dL and hyperkalemia above 6.5 mEq/L was the most common paraclinical finding (27.8%). A total of 22.7% of patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, in-hospital mortality was 17.6%, and 67.9% remained dialysis-dependent at discharge. Conclusion: The study population was mainly composed of men older than 50 years, with a high frequency of hypertension and severe metabolic abnormalities. These findings highlight the need to strengthen early detection, comorbidity control, and timely referral to nephrology services.
[English] Kidney disease and the need for emergency renal replacement therapy represent a relevant health problem because of their association with severe metabolic abnormalities, high hospital resource utilization, and risk of complications. Objective: To determine the hospital frequency and describe the clinical characteristics of patients meeting criteria for emergency dialysis who were treated at the Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud between January 2022 and December 2025. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted. A total of 352 patients older than 18 years were included through exhaustive sampling. Data were obtained through medical record review and processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS with descriptive statistics. Results: The cases represented 2.2% of the 16,000 patients treated, equivalent to 22 cases per 1,000 patients. Males predominated (72.2%), and 63.4% of the patients were 50 years of age or older. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity. The combination of blood urea nitrogen levels greater than 100 mg/dL and hyperkalemia above 6.5 mEq/L was the most common paraclinical finding (27.8%). A total of 22.7% of patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, in-hospital mortality was 17.6%, and 67.9% remained dialysis-dependent at discharge. Conclusion: The study population was mainly composed of men older than 50 years, with a high frequency of hypertension and severe metabolic abnormalities. These findings highlight the need to strengthen early detection, comorbidity control, and timely referral to nephrology services.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Medicina de Emergencias y Desastres]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

