Publicación: Biomarcadores en la tomografía de coherencia óptica como predictor de cambios anatómicos y visuales en el edema macular diabético tratados con bevacizumab intravítreo en pacientes del Hospital Escuela Dr. Jorge Abraham Hazoury Bahlés, en el período de enero 2024 a enero 2025
Cargando...
Acceso
Acceso AbiertoAcceso
Tipo de documento
Tesis
Fecha
2025-06
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] El edema macular diabético (EMD) es una causa frecuente de pérdida visual en pacientes diabéticos, originado por disrupción de la barrera hematorretiniana y aumento de la permeabilidad vascular mediado por el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF). El bevacizumab, un anti-VEGF de bajo costo, es ampliamente utilizado en su tratamiento. La tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) permite evaluar no solo el grosor macular, sino también biomarcadores estructurales que podrían actuar como factores predictivos de la respuesta al tratamiento. Objetivo: Identificar biomarcadores estructurales en OCT asociados a cambios anatómicos y funcionales en pacientes con EMD tratados con bevacizumab intravítreo en el Hospital Escuela Dr. Jorge Abraham Hazoury Bahlés, entre enero de 2024 y enero de 2025. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de expedientes clínicos e imágenes de OCT de pacientes tratados con bevacizumab. Se evaluaron biomarcadores antes del tratamiento y los cambios posteriores en grosor macular y agudeza visual. Resultados: En los 61 ojos analizados, los biomarcadores más frecuentes fueron quistes intrarretinianos (73.77%), puntos hiperreflectivos (70.49%), disrupción de la zona elipsoide (50.82%), líquido subretinal (44.26%), desorganización de las capas internas de la retina (DRIL) (42.62%) e Interrupción de la membrana limitante externa (MLE)(27.87%). Aunque hubo reducción significativa del grosor macular, el 52.25% presentó deterioro de la agudeza visual. Conclusión: El tratamiento produjo mejoría anatómica significativa, sin una mejora funcional proporcional en términos de agudeza visual. Se recomienda considerar estos biomarcadores como predictores potenciales en la evaluación y planificación terapéutica.
[English] Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, resulting from disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and increased vascular permeability mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab, a low-cost antiVEGF agent, is widely used in its treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for the assessment not only of macular thickness but also of structural biomarkers that could serve as predictive factors for treatment response. Objective: To identify structural OCT biomarkers associated with anatomical and functional changes in patients with DME treated with intravitreal bevacizumab at Hospital Escuela Dr. Jorge Abraham Hazoury Bahlés, between January 2024 and January 2025. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of clinical records and OCT images of patients treated with bevacizumab. Biomarkers were evaluated before treatment, along with post-treatment changes in macular thickness and visual acuity. Results: Among the 61 eyes analyzed, the most frequent biomarkers were intraretinal cysts (73.77%), hyperreflective dots (70.49%), ellipsoid zone disruption (50.82%), subretinal fluid (44.26%), disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) (42.62%), and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption (27.87%). Although there was a significant reduction in macular thickness, 52.25% showed a deterioration in visual acuity. Conclusion: The treatment led to significant anatomical improvement without a proportional functional improvement in terms of visual acuity. It is recommended that these biomarkers be considered as potential predictors in therapeutic evaluation and planning.
[English] Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, resulting from disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and increased vascular permeability mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab, a low-cost antiVEGF agent, is widely used in its treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for the assessment not only of macular thickness but also of structural biomarkers that could serve as predictive factors for treatment response. Objective: To identify structural OCT biomarkers associated with anatomical and functional changes in patients with DME treated with intravitreal bevacizumab at Hospital Escuela Dr. Jorge Abraham Hazoury Bahlés, between January 2024 and January 2025. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of clinical records and OCT images of patients treated with bevacizumab. Biomarkers were evaluated before treatment, along with post-treatment changes in macular thickness and visual acuity. Results: Among the 61 eyes analyzed, the most frequent biomarkers were intraretinal cysts (73.77%), hyperreflective dots (70.49%), ellipsoid zone disruption (50.82%), subretinal fluid (44.26%), disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) (42.62%), and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption (27.87%). Although there was a significant reduction in macular thickness, 52.25% showed a deterioration in visual acuity. Conclusion: The treatment led to significant anatomical improvement without a proportional functional improvement in terms of visual acuity. It is recommended that these biomarkers be considered as potential predictors in therapeutic evaluation and planning.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Oftalmología]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

