Publicación: Influencia del seguimiento médico en la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con anemia ferropénica crónica atendidos en la consulta de hematología del Hospital Docente Dr. Félix María Goico, mayo-octubre 2025
Cargando...
Acceso
Acceso AbiertoAcceso
Tipo de documento
Tesis
Fecha
2026
Asesor (es)
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] La anemia ferropénica representa uno de los desafíos de salud pública más persistentes en la República Dominicana, afectando de manera desproporcionada a poblaciones en condiciones de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. A pesar de la disponibilidad de esquemas terapéuticos de bajo costo y alta eficacia, el éxito del abordaje clínico se encuentra directamente condicionado por la capacidad del paciente para sostener el tratamiento en el tiempo. Objetivo: Determinar las causas de no adherencia al tratamiento de la anemia ferropénica en los pacientes adultos evaluados en la consulta externa del Hospital Dr. Félix María Goico durante el periodo objeto de estudio. Método: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de tipo correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de anemia ferropénica bajo esquema terapéutico. Resultados: El perfil sociodemográfico de la muestra evidenció un predominio del sexo femenino (63%), el grupo etario de 31 a 45 años (48%), un nivel educativo básico (56%) y una tasa de desempleo del 51%. Clínicamente, predominó la anemia moderada (54%) y el tratamiento por vía oral (70%). Al evaluar la dinámica asistencial, el 72% de los pacientes se mantenía en control clínico activo (predominando las citas trimestrales con un 41% y mensuales con un 33%); sin embargo, se identificó una tasa de deserción voluntaria del 26% y un 26% de asistencia irregular. Al analizar específicamente las causas de la no adherencia, el factor determinante fue la limitación económica con un 58%, seguido por la falta de comprensión del mandato médico con un 33%, mientras que el no encontrar el medicamento y las limitaciones funcionales representaron solo un 5% cada una. Conclusiones: La no adherencia al tratamiento médico en la población de estudio es un fenómeno condicionado de forma prioritaria por barreras socioeconómicas y cognitivo-educativas, las cuales acumulan de manera conjunta el 91% de los factores de abandono o intermitencia terapéutica. La precariedad financiera derivada del desempleo actúa como la principal limitante material para la continuidad de las consultas, mientras que la baja escolaridad formal representa un obstáculo crítico para la correcta asimilación de la posología médica, desplazando a un plano marginal los fallos logísticos de suministro o las limitaciones físicas individuales.
[English] Iron deficiency anemia represents one of the most persistent public health challenges in the Dominican Republic, disproportionately affecting populations in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. Despite the availability of low-cost, highly effective treatment regimens, the success of the clinical approach is directly conditioned by the patient's ability to adhere to the treatment over time. Objective: To determine the causes of non-adherence to iron deficiency anemia treatment in adult patients evaluated in the outpatient clinic of Docente Dr. Félix María Goico Hospital during the study period. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of adult patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia under a standardized treatment regimen. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the sample showed a predominance of females (63%), the 31-45 age group (48%), a basic education level (56%), and an unemployment rate of 51%. Clinically, moderate anemia predominated (54%), and oral treatment was the most common (70%). Regarding the dynamics of care, 72% of patients maintained active clinical follow-up (predominantly quarterly appointments at 41% and monthly appointments at 33%); however, a 26% rate of voluntary dropout and irregular attendance were identified. Specifically analyzing the causes of non-adherence, the determining factor was economic constraints (58%), followed by a lack of understanding of the medical prescription (33%), while medication unavailability and functional limitations each accounted for only 5%. Conclusions: Non-adherence to medication in the study population is primarily driven by socioeconomic and cognitive-educational barriers, which together account for 91% of the factors contributing to treatment abandonment or intermittency. Financial insecurity stemming from unemployment acts as the primary material constraint on continuity of care, while low levels of formal education represent a critical obstacle to the proper understanding of medication dosages, relegating logistical supply failures or individual physical limitations to a marginal role.
[English] Iron deficiency anemia represents one of the most persistent public health challenges in the Dominican Republic, disproportionately affecting populations in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. Despite the availability of low-cost, highly effective treatment regimens, the success of the clinical approach is directly conditioned by the patient's ability to adhere to the treatment over time. Objective: To determine the causes of non-adherence to iron deficiency anemia treatment in adult patients evaluated in the outpatient clinic of Docente Dr. Félix María Goico Hospital during the study period. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of adult patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia under a standardized treatment regimen. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the sample showed a predominance of females (63%), the 31-45 age group (48%), a basic education level (56%), and an unemployment rate of 51%. Clinically, moderate anemia predominated (54%), and oral treatment was the most common (70%). Regarding the dynamics of care, 72% of patients maintained active clinical follow-up (predominantly quarterly appointments at 41% and monthly appointments at 33%); however, a 26% rate of voluntary dropout and irregular attendance were identified. Specifically analyzing the causes of non-adherence, the determining factor was economic constraints (58%), followed by a lack of understanding of the medical prescription (33%), while medication unavailability and functional limitations each accounted for only 5%. Conclusions: Non-adherence to medication in the study population is primarily driven by socioeconomic and cognitive-educational barriers, which together account for 91% of the factors contributing to treatment abandonment or intermittency. Financial insecurity stemming from unemployment acts as the primary material constraint on continuity of care, while low levels of formal education represent a critical obstacle to the proper understanding of medication dosages, relegating logistical supply failures or individual physical limitations to a marginal role.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Especialidad en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

