Publicación: Características asociadas a la prolongación de la estancia de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente del Hospital General Plaza de la Salud, junio-diciembre 2025
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2026
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
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[Español] Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo-analítico, con recolección retrospectiva de la información y diseño de corte transversal, con el objetivo de determinar las características asociadas a la prolongación de la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica ingresados en el Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud durante el período comprendido entre junio y diciembre de 2025. La población estuvo conformada por 30 pacientes. Se evidenció que el sexo masculino fue el más frecuente (56.7 %), mientras que el grupo etario de 60 a 79 años representó la mayor proporción de pacientes (33.3 %). La procedencia predominante antes del ingreso a la UCI fue el servicio de Emergencias (40 %). En cuanto al tiempo de evolución de la insuficiencia renal crónica, predominó el intervalo de 1 a 5 años (56.7 %). De acuerdo con el estadio de la enfermedad renal crónica, clasificado según la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG), el estadio G5 fue el más frecuente (70 %). El 70 % de los pacientes había recibido previamente terapia de sustitución renal, siendo la hemodiálisis la modalidad predominante (60 %). El principal motivo de ingreso a la UCI fue el shock séptico (23.3 %), y la condición clínica más frecuente al ingreso correspondió a pacientes críticos sin shock (40 %). Entre las comorbilidades y condiciones clínicas asociadas, la hipertensión arterial estuvo presente en el 100 % de los pacientes, seguida de anemia (86.7 %) y diabetes mellitus (83.3 %). La alteración hidroelectrolítica más frecuente fue la hiperpotasemia (43.3 %). Durante la estancia en la UCI, el 76.7 % de los pacientes requirió terapia de sustitución renal, siendo la hemodiálisis intermitente la modalidad más utilizada (63.3 %). Asimismo, el 56.7 % de los pacientes no requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva. Entre las intervenciones terapéuticas realizadas destacaron el uso de antibióticos, catéter venoso central y sonda vesical, presentes en el 93.3 % de los casos cada uno, seguidos de la nutrición enteral (80 %). El 53.3 % de los pacientes presentó complicaciones intrahospitalarias, siendo las arritmias cardíacas, el paro cardiorrespiratorio y la falla multiorgánica las más frecuentes (13.3 % cada una). La estancia en la UCI no fue prolongada en el 66.7 % de los casos, y el 63.3 % de los pacientes egresó a sala de hospitalización. Al analizar la relación entre las variables estudiadas y la estancia prolongada, se observó que esta fue menos frecuente en ambos sexos y predominó la estancia no prolongada en los pacientes con estadio G5. En contraste, entre los pacientes que presentaron complicaciones intrahospitalarias predominó la estancia prolongada, mientras que la mayoría de los pacientes trasladados a sala de hospitalización presentó una estancia no prolongada. Se concluye que las complicaciones intrahospitalarias constituyeron la principal característica asociada a la prolongación de la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, mientras que variables como el sexo y el estadio de la enfermedad renal crónica no evidenciaron una asociación predominante con una estancia prolongada.
[English] A quantitative, descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design and retrospective data collection was conducted. The objective was to determine the characteristics associated with prolonged stays in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) among patients with chronic renal failure admitted to the *Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud* between June and December 2025. The study population consisted of 30 patients. The results showed that males were the most frequent group (56.7%), while the 60–79 age group accounted for the largest proportion of patients (33.3%). The Emergency Department was the most common point of origin prior to ICU admission (40%). Regarding the duration of chronic renal failure, the 1-to-5-year interval was the most prevalent (56.7%). Based on the chronic kidney disease stage— classified according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)—stage G5 was the most frequent (70%). Seventy percent of the patients had previously received renal replacement therapy, with hemodialysis being the predominant modality (60%). The primary reason for ICU admission was septic shock (23.3%), and the most frequent clinical condition upon admission was critically ill patients without shock (40%). Regarding comorbidities and associated clinical conditions, arterial hypertension was present in 100% of patients, followed by anemia (86.7%) and diabetes mellitus (83.3%). The most common fluid and electrolyte imbalance was hyperkalemia (43.3%). During the ICU stay, 76.7% of patients required renal replacement therapy, with intermittent hemodialysis being the most frequently used modality (63.3%). Additionally, 56.7% of patients did not require invasive mechanical ventilation. Key therapeutic interventions included the use of antibiotics, central venous catheters, and urinary catheters—each present in 93.3% of cases—followed by enteral nutrition (80%). In-hospital complications occurred in 53.3% of patients; cardiac arrhythmias, cardiorespiratory arrest, and multiple organ failure were the most frequent (13.3% each). The ICU stay was not prolonged in 66.7% of cases, and 63.3% of patients were discharged to a general hospital ward. Analysis of the relationship between the variables studied and a prolonged stay revealed that such stays were less common across both sexes, and non-prolonged stays predominated among patients with stage G5 disease. In contrast, prolonged stays were more common among patients who experienced in-hospital complications, whereas the majority of patients transferred to a general hospital ward had a non-prolonged stay. It is concluded that in-hospital complications were the primary factor associated with a prolonged ICU stay in patients with chronic renal failure, whereas variables such as sex and the stage of chronic kidney disease did not show a significant association with a prolonged stay.
[English] A quantitative, descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design and retrospective data collection was conducted. The objective was to determine the characteristics associated with prolonged stays in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) among patients with chronic renal failure admitted to the *Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud* between June and December 2025. The study population consisted of 30 patients. The results showed that males were the most frequent group (56.7%), while the 60–79 age group accounted for the largest proportion of patients (33.3%). The Emergency Department was the most common point of origin prior to ICU admission (40%). Regarding the duration of chronic renal failure, the 1-to-5-year interval was the most prevalent (56.7%). Based on the chronic kidney disease stage— classified according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)—stage G5 was the most frequent (70%). Seventy percent of the patients had previously received renal replacement therapy, with hemodialysis being the predominant modality (60%). The primary reason for ICU admission was septic shock (23.3%), and the most frequent clinical condition upon admission was critically ill patients without shock (40%). Regarding comorbidities and associated clinical conditions, arterial hypertension was present in 100% of patients, followed by anemia (86.7%) and diabetes mellitus (83.3%). The most common fluid and electrolyte imbalance was hyperkalemia (43.3%). During the ICU stay, 76.7% of patients required renal replacement therapy, with intermittent hemodialysis being the most frequently used modality (63.3%). Additionally, 56.7% of patients did not require invasive mechanical ventilation. Key therapeutic interventions included the use of antibiotics, central venous catheters, and urinary catheters—each present in 93.3% of cases—followed by enteral nutrition (80%). In-hospital complications occurred in 53.3% of patients; cardiac arrhythmias, cardiorespiratory arrest, and multiple organ failure were the most frequent (13.3% each). The ICU stay was not prolonged in 66.7% of cases, and 63.3% of patients were discharged to a general hospital ward. Analysis of the relationship between the variables studied and a prolonged stay revealed that such stays were less common across both sexes, and non-prolonged stays predominated among patients with stage G5 disease. In contrast, prolonged stays were more common among patients who experienced in-hospital complications, whereas the majority of patients transferred to a general hospital ward had a non-prolonged stay. It is concluded that in-hospital complications were the primary factor associated with a prolonged ICU stay in patients with chronic renal failure, whereas variables such as sex and the stage of chronic kidney disease did not show a significant association with a prolonged stay.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

