Publicación: Aplicación de mecanismos para la prevención de complicaciones de tromboembolismo en postquirúrgico de cirugía ortopédica de reemplazo electivo de cadera y rodilla en el Hospital General Plaza de la Salud en pacientes mayores de 40 años durante el año 2019
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2021
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
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[Español] La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es la tercera causa de enfermedad relacionada al sistema cardiovascular, solamente precedida por el infarto agudo al miocardio, y los accidentes cerebrovasculares. A pesar de ocupar la tercera posición entre estas, es la primera enfermedad más prevenible en el ámbito quirúrgico, y hospitalario. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos ortopédicos son la causa principal de incidencia de tromboembolismo, con un 0.7-30% de probabilidad de desarrollo (Temgoua, et al., 2017). Por esta razón, realizamos un estudio para determinar el nivel de cumplimiento del protocolo de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes postquirúrgicos con reemplazo electivo de cadera y rodilla en el Hospital General Plaza de la Salud en pacientes mayores de 40 años durante el año 2019. Materiales y Métodos: La recopilación de datos fue realizada de manera directa donde se aplicó un formulario de evaluación del cumplimiento del protocolo a los expedientes electrónicos de cada paciente en el Hospital General Plaza de la Salud. El estudio realizado fue observacional descriptivo, de tipo transversal, que abarcó 12 meses, desde enero del 2019 hasta diciembre del 2019. Resultados: De una muestra total de 124 pacientes, el 3.2% (N=124) desarrolló complicaciones de tromboembolismo postquirúrgico. El protocolo de tromboprofilaxis se aplicó correctamente en 3 de los 4 pacientes con complicaciones, para un nivel de aplicación de 75%. De esta población con complicaciones, 75% (n=4) fue femenina y 25% (n=4) fue masculino. La hipertensión y la edad mayor a los 61 años estuvieron presentes en el 100% (n=4) de los pacientes con complicaciones tromboembólicas. Discusión: De acuerdo con lo establecido en la literatura, los pacientes que tuvieron complicación de trombosis postquirúrgica tenían comorbilidades que aumentan el riesgo de trombosis en pacientes postquirúrgicos; en la mayoría de las veces con más de una comorbilidad presente por paciente.
[English] Venous thromboembolic disease is the third cause of disease related to the cardiovascular system, only preceded by acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents. Despite occupying the third position among these, it is the first most preventable disease in the surgical and hospital fields. Orthopedic surgical procedures are the main cause of incidence of thromboembolism, with a 0.7-30% probability of development (Temgoua, et.al., 2017). For this reason, we conducted a study to determine the level of compliance with the thromboprophylaxis protocol in postoperative patients with elective hip and knee replacement at Hospital General Plaza de la Salud in patients over 40 years of age during 2019. Materials and Methods: The data collection was carried out in a direct manner, where the information was obtained through a evaluation sheet of the protocol compliance straight from the electronic files of each patient at the General Hospital Plaza de la Salud. The study carried out was descriptive observational, of a cross-sectional type, which spanned 12 months, from January 2019 to December 2019. Results: From a total sample of 124 patients, 3.2% (N = 124) developed complications of postsurgical thromboembolism. The thromboprophylaxis protocol was correctly applied in 3 of the 4 patients with complications, for an application level of 75%. Of this population with complications, 75% (n = 4) were female and 25% (n = 4) were male. Hypertension and an age over 61 years were present in 100% (n = 4) of the patients with thromboembolic complications. Discussion: According to what is established in the literature, the patients who had complications of post-surgical thrombosis had comorbidities that increase the risk of thrombosis in post-surgical patients; in most cases with more than one comorbidity present per patient.
[English] Venous thromboembolic disease is the third cause of disease related to the cardiovascular system, only preceded by acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents. Despite occupying the third position among these, it is the first most preventable disease in the surgical and hospital fields. Orthopedic surgical procedures are the main cause of incidence of thromboembolism, with a 0.7-30% probability of development (Temgoua, et.al., 2017). For this reason, we conducted a study to determine the level of compliance with the thromboprophylaxis protocol in postoperative patients with elective hip and knee replacement at Hospital General Plaza de la Salud in patients over 40 years of age during 2019. Materials and Methods: The data collection was carried out in a direct manner, where the information was obtained through a evaluation sheet of the protocol compliance straight from the electronic files of each patient at the General Hospital Plaza de la Salud. The study carried out was descriptive observational, of a cross-sectional type, which spanned 12 months, from January 2019 to December 2019. Results: From a total sample of 124 patients, 3.2% (N = 124) developed complications of postsurgical thromboembolism. The thromboprophylaxis protocol was correctly applied in 3 of the 4 patients with complications, for an application level of 75%. Of this population with complications, 75% (n = 4) were female and 25% (n = 4) were male. Hypertension and an age over 61 years were present in 100% (n = 4) of the patients with thromboembolic complications. Discussion: According to what is established in the literature, the patients who had complications of post-surgical thrombosis had comorbidities that increase the risk of thrombosis in post-surgical patients; in most cases with more than one comorbidity present per patient.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo de grado, Medicina]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: https://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/562