Publicación: Factores de riesgo para enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica en adultos menores de 60 años hospitalizados en el Hospital General Plaza de la Salud, enero–junio 2025
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2026
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] La enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad y discapacidad a nivel mundial, con un impacto creciente en población menor de 60 años. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo en adultos menores de 60 años hospitalizados por enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica en el Hospital General Plaza de la Salud durante el período enero–junio 2025. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de expedientes clínicos electrónicos. La población estuvo conformada por 44 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo modificables y no tradicionales, coexistencia de factores, complicaciones intrahospitalarias y estado funcional al egreso según la escala de Rankin modificada. Los resultados evidenciaron predominio del sexo masculino y del grupo etario de 50 a 59 años. Los factores de riesgo modificables más frecuentes fueron dislipidemia, sedentarismo e hipertensión arterial, con alta coexistencia de múltiples factores en la mayoría de los pacientes. Los factores no tradicionales se presentaron en menor proporción. Se observó predominio de localización subcortical profunda y mayor frecuencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica sobre ataque isquémico transitorio. Una proporción de pacientes desarrolló complicaciones intrahospitalarias, principalmente neurológicas, cardiovasculares y endocrinológicas. En cuanto al estado funcional, predominó la discapacidad moderada al egreso. Se concluye que la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica en adultos menores de 60 años está fuertemente asociada a factores de riesgo modificables y su acumulación influye en la evolución clínica y el pronóstico funcional.
[English] Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide, with a growing impact on individuals under 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in adults under 60 years old hospitalized with ischemic cerebrovascular disease at Hospital General Plaza de la Salud during the period January–June 2025. A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted based on the review of electronic medical records. The study population consisted of 44 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic variables, modifiable and non-traditional risk factors, coexistence of risk factors, in-hospital complications, and functional status at discharge according to the modified Rankin Scale were analyzed. The results showed a predominance of male patients and the 50–59 age group. The most frequent modifiable risk factors were dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, and arterial hypertension, with a high coexistence of multiple risk factors in most patients. Non-traditional risk factors were less frequent. A predominance of deep subcortical localization was observed, as well as a higher frequency of ischemic cerebrovascular disease compared to transient ischemic attack. A proportion of patients developed in-hospital complications, mainly neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine. Regarding functional status, moderate disability at discharge was the most frequent outcome. It is concluded that ischemic cerebrovascular disease in adults under 60 years is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors, and their accumulation influences clinical evolution and functional prognosis.
[English] Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide, with a growing impact on individuals under 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in adults under 60 years old hospitalized with ischemic cerebrovascular disease at Hospital General Plaza de la Salud during the period January–June 2025. A quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted based on the review of electronic medical records. The study population consisted of 44 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic variables, modifiable and non-traditional risk factors, coexistence of risk factors, in-hospital complications, and functional status at discharge according to the modified Rankin Scale were analyzed. The results showed a predominance of male patients and the 50–59 age group. The most frequent modifiable risk factors were dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, and arterial hypertension, with a high coexistence of multiple risk factors in most patients. Non-traditional risk factors were less frequent. A predominance of deep subcortical localization was observed, as well as a higher frequency of ischemic cerebrovascular disease compared to transient ischemic attack. A proportion of patients developed in-hospital complications, mainly neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine. Regarding functional status, moderate disability at discharge was the most frequent outcome. It is concluded that ischemic cerebrovascular disease in adults under 60 years is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors, and their accumulation influences clinical evolution and functional prognosis.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo final, Especialidad en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

