Publicación: Hemorragia postquirúrgica, posible complicación dela cirugía bucal, causas y tratamiento
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2021
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
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[Español] La hemorragia es un trastorno caracterizado por la salida de sangre de los vasos sanguíneos del aparato circulatorio. El sistema hemostático es el encargado de evitar esta pérdida hemática a través de precisas interacciones entre componentes de la pared vascular, plaquetas circulantes y proteínas plasmáticas. La mayoría de hemorragias menores, suelen estar en relación con factores locales. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de hemorragias graves tras un tratamiento bucal quirúrgico se relacionan con trastornos sistémicos de la hemostasia. Objetivo: Investigar sobre la hemorragia como posible complicación de la cirugía bucal, causas y tratamiento. Métodos: Se utilizó el método de Análisis y Síntesis. La información se recopiló en un análisis exhaustivo de artículos, libros e investigaciones previas realizadas. Conclusión: En pacientes con trastornos de factores de coagulación, el riesgo de sangrado se acentúa en procedimientos quirúrgicos, siendo el déficit de FVII el que puede llevar a ser grave en situaciones de emergencia. Entre las enfermedades sistémicas que requieren prestar importancia previo a una cirugía bucal está la hemofilia. Concluimos que diversos medicamentos como antiagregantes plaquetarios y anticoagulantes pueden desencadenar una reacción adversa al momento de realizar un procedimiento quirúrgico, con principal tendencia a una mayor cantidad de episodios de hemorragia post cirugía oral en pacientes que continúan su terapia anticoagulante, comparado con pacientes que la interrumpen o modifican. Entre los posibles protocolos a seguir frente a una hemorragia, se sugiere la eficacia del efecto hemostático de la aplicación del ácido tánico más compresión para evitar la hemorragia post exodoncia así como realizar la hemostasia local con sulfato férrico.
[English] Hemorrhage is a disorder characterized by the leakage of blood from the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The hemostatic system is responsible for preventing this blood loss through precise interactions between components of the vascular wall, circulating platelets, and plasma proteins. Most minor hemorrhages are usually related to local factors. However, the majority of serious bleeding after surgical oral treatment is related to systemic disorders of hemostasis. Objective: To investigate bleeding as a possible complication of oral surgery, causes and treatment. Methods: The Analysis and Synthesis method was used. The information was compiled in an exhaustive analysis of articles, books and previous research carried out. Conclusion: In patients with clotting factor disorders, the risk of bleeding is accentuated in surgical procedures, being the FVII deficit the one that can become serious in emergency situations. Among the systemic diseases that require attention prior to oral surgery is hemophilia. We conclude that various medications such as antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants can trigger an adverse reaction at the time of a surgical procedure, with the main tendency to a greater number of bleeding episodes after oral surgery in patients who continue their anticoagulant therapy, compared to patients who interrupt it. or modify. Among the possible protocols to follow in the event of bleeding, the efficacy of the hemostatic effect of the application of tannic acid plus compression is suggested to avoid post-extraction hemorrhage as well as to perform local hemostasis with ferric sulfate.
[English] Hemorrhage is a disorder characterized by the leakage of blood from the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The hemostatic system is responsible for preventing this blood loss through precise interactions between components of the vascular wall, circulating platelets, and plasma proteins. Most minor hemorrhages are usually related to local factors. However, the majority of serious bleeding after surgical oral treatment is related to systemic disorders of hemostasis. Objective: To investigate bleeding as a possible complication of oral surgery, causes and treatment. Methods: The Analysis and Synthesis method was used. The information was compiled in an exhaustive analysis of articles, books and previous research carried out. Conclusion: In patients with clotting factor disorders, the risk of bleeding is accentuated in surgical procedures, being the FVII deficit the one that can become serious in emergency situations. Among the systemic diseases that require attention prior to oral surgery is hemophilia. We conclude that various medications such as antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants can trigger an adverse reaction at the time of a surgical procedure, with the main tendency to a greater number of bleeding episodes after oral surgery in patients who continue their anticoagulant therapy, compared to patients who interrupt it. or modify. Among the possible protocols to follow in the event of bleeding, the efficacy of the hemostatic effect of the application of tannic acid plus compression is suggested to avoid post-extraction hemorrhage as well as to perform local hemostasis with ferric sulfate.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo de grado, Odontología]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: https://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/430