Publicación: Trastornos frecuentes de la ATM en pacientes portadores de prótesis removibles
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2025
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
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Resumen
[Español] Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar los trastornos frecuentes de la ATM en pacientes portadores de prótesis removibles, mediante una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos de los últimos 5 años en bases como PubMed, Redalyc, Cochrane y BMC. Para la búsqueda científica, se seleccionaron publicaciones mediante criterios de inclusión referidos a estudios sobre disfunciones temporomandibulares en usuarios de prótesis totales y parciales removibles, artículos que evalúen la prevalencia de sintomatología de ATM, y investigaciones sobre factores biomecánicos asociados. Los resultados indican que los pacientes portadores de prótesis removibles presentan una prevalencia significativamente mayor de trastornos temporomandibulares (65-78%) comparado con la población dentada (25-35%), siendo los síntomas más frecuentes el dolor muscular, ruidos articulares y limitación de apertura bucal. Los estudios demuestran que las alteraciones en la dimensión vertical oclusal, el ajuste protésico inadecuado y factores sistémicos como bruxismo incrementan el riesgo de desarrollar sintomatología de ATM. Además, se estableció que las variables demográficas influyen en la manifestación de estos trastornos, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres y pacientes entre 65-75 años. Por tanto, es necesario que los profesionales implementen protocolos de evaluación sistemática y manejo multidisciplinario para prevenir estas complicaciones, garantizando una rehabilitación protésica exitosa.
[English] This study aimed to identify and analyze common TMJ disorders in patients with removable dentures by conducting a literature review of scientific articles from the last 5 years in databases such as PubMed, Redalyc, Cochrane, and BMC. For the scientific search, publications were selected using inclusion criteria related to studies on temporomandibular joint dysfunction in users of removable total and partial dentures, articles evaluating the prevalence of TMJ symptoms, and research on associated biomechanical factors. The results indicate that patients with removable dentures have a significantly higher prevalence of TMJ disorders (65–78%) compared to the dentate population (25–35%), with the most frequent symptoms being muscle pain, joint noises, and limited mouth opening. Studies show that alterations in the occlusal vertical dimension, inadequate prosthetic fit, and systemic factors such as bruxism increase the risk of developing TMJ symptoms. Furthermore, it was established that demographic variables influence the manifestation of these disorders, with a higher prevalence in women and patients between 65 and 75 years of age. Therefore, it is necessary for professionals to implement systematic evaluation protocols and multidisciplinary management to prevent these complications, ensuring successful prosthetic rehabilitation.
[English] This study aimed to identify and analyze common TMJ disorders in patients with removable dentures by conducting a literature review of scientific articles from the last 5 years in databases such as PubMed, Redalyc, Cochrane, and BMC. For the scientific search, publications were selected using inclusion criteria related to studies on temporomandibular joint dysfunction in users of removable total and partial dentures, articles evaluating the prevalence of TMJ symptoms, and research on associated biomechanical factors. The results indicate that patients with removable dentures have a significantly higher prevalence of TMJ disorders (65–78%) compared to the dentate population (25–35%), with the most frequent symptoms being muscle pain, joint noises, and limited mouth opening. Studies show that alterations in the occlusal vertical dimension, inadequate prosthetic fit, and systemic factors such as bruxism increase the risk of developing TMJ symptoms. Furthermore, it was established that demographic variables influence the manifestation of these disorders, with a higher prevalence in women and patients between 65 and 75 years of age. Therefore, it is necessary for professionals to implement systematic evaluation protocols and multidisciplinary management to prevent these complications, ensuring successful prosthetic rehabilitation.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo de grado, Odontología]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de:

