Publicación: Preservación alveolar por medio del injerto de dentina deshidratada de un diente autógeno
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2022
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Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE)
Resumen
[Español] Una problemática que se presenta a la hora de una extracción dental es la pérdida del hueso alveolar, tanto de anchura como de altura. En la práctica clínica diaria la regeneración ósea es un motivo de debate con relación al material a utilizar en cada paciente. Estos materiales tienen como finalidad restablecer la integridad anatómica y funcional de una estructura alterada; por lo que deben de cumplir con algunos requisitos básicos como biocompatibilidad, propiedades mecánicas a las del tejido óseo, de fácil procesado, modificable y consistente duplicable. Para comprender el principio de la técnica de regeneración ósea guiada (ROG) independientemente del material a utilizar, es importante comprender los procesos biológicos que ocurren en la fisiología ósea. Los diferentes tipos de injertos óseos deben de cumplir con un buen potencial osteoinductivo, osteoconductivo y excelente capacidad de remodelación debido a su naturaleza. El injerto óseo obtenido a partir de los dientes autógenos, los cuales previamente son sometidos a un proceso de desmineralización ha demostrado ser clínicamente seguro en varios estudios para utilizarse en preservaciones alveolares y regeneraciones ósea guiadas. Para este trabajo se efectuaron dos casos clínicos a los cuales se le realizaron preservación alveolar por medio del injerto de dentina deshidratada de un diente autógeno (terceros molares) que le fueron extraídos y luego se realizaron análisis imagenológicos para comprobar el volumen óseo post - extracción dental y luego de la utilización de dentina deshidratada. La utilización de la dentina desmineralizada como material de injerto óseo, ha demostrado ser clínicamente segura y eficaz ya que tiene un buen potencial osteoinductivo, osteoconductivo, y excelente capacidad de remodelación debido a su naturaleza de colágeno. Independientemente del protocolo a poner en práctica al momento de la obtención del material, el autoinjerto de dentina desmineralizada muestra una capacidad rápida de cicatrización, sin reacción inflamatoria ni rechazo por parte del cuerpo.
[English] A problem that arises at the time of a dental extraction is the loss of the alveolar bone, both in width and height. In daily clinical practice, bone regeneration is a matter of debate in relation to the material to be used in each patient. These materials are intended to restore the anatomical and functional integrity of an altered structure; therefore, they must meet some basic requirements such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties like those of bone tissue, easy to process, modifiable and consistently duplicable. To understand the principle of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique regardless of the material to be used, it is important to understand the biological processes that occur in bone physiology. The different types of bone grafts must have good osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential and excellent remodeling capacity due to their nature. The bone graft obtained from autogenous teeth, which are previously subjected to a demineralization process, has been shown to be clinically safe in several studies for use in alveolar preservation and guided bone regeneration. For this work, two clinical cases were carried out in which alveolar preservation was carried out by means of the dehydrated dentin graft of an autogenous tooth (third molars) that were extracted and then imaging analyzes were carried out to check the bone volume post-dental extraction. and after the use of dehydrated dentin. The use of demineralized dentin as bone grafting material has been shown to be clinically safe and effective since it has good osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential and excellent remodeling capacity due to its collagen nature. Regardless of the protocol to be put into practice at the time of obtaining the material, the demineralized dentin autograft shows rapid healing capacity, without inflammatory reaction or rejection by the body.
[English] A problem that arises at the time of a dental extraction is the loss of the alveolar bone, both in width and height. In daily clinical practice, bone regeneration is a matter of debate in relation to the material to be used in each patient. These materials are intended to restore the anatomical and functional integrity of an altered structure; therefore, they must meet some basic requirements such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties like those of bone tissue, easy to process, modifiable and consistently duplicable. To understand the principle of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique regardless of the material to be used, it is important to understand the biological processes that occur in bone physiology. The different types of bone grafts must have good osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential and excellent remodeling capacity due to their nature. The bone graft obtained from autogenous teeth, which are previously subjected to a demineralization process, has been shown to be clinically safe in several studies for use in alveolar preservation and guided bone regeneration. For this work, two clinical cases were carried out in which alveolar preservation was carried out by means of the dehydrated dentin graft of an autogenous tooth (third molars) that were extracted and then imaging analyzes were carried out to check the bone volume post-dental extraction. and after the use of dehydrated dentin. The use of demineralized dentin as bone grafting material has been shown to be clinically safe and effective since it has good osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential and excellent remodeling capacity due to its collagen nature. Regardless of the protocol to be put into practice at the time of obtaining the material, the demineralized dentin autograft shows rapid healing capacity, without inflammatory reaction or rejection by the body.
Citación
Apellido, Nombre del autor (año). Título del trabajo. [Trabajo de postgrado, Maestría en Periodoncia e Implantes Dentales]. Santo Domingo: Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE). Recuperado de: https://repositorio.unibe.edu.do/jspui/handle/123456789/1707