[Español] Introducción: La hemorragia obstétrica es una de las causas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna más común en todo el mundo. La placenta previa es un factor de riesgo importante para la hemorragia obstétrica. Una serie de factores de riesgo han sido descritos como significativos para el desarrollo de la placenta previa. El propósito de este estudio es determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con placenta previa en mujeres embarazadas en el Hospital de la Mujer Dominicana en Santo Domingo en el periodo enero 2017-noviembre 2019. Métodos: Es un estudio observacional, tipo casos y controles conducido en el Hospital de la Mujer Dominicana de enero 2018 a noviembre 2019. Los casos fueron mujeres que sus partos fueron complicados con placenta previa y los controles fueron partos sin placenta previa. Se analizaron 16 casos y 76 controles. Se condujo análisis estadístico y se calculó razón de probabilidades (OR). Resultados: Se demostró relación entre placenta previa con antecedente de dos o más abortos con un OR = 5.3; con cesárea previa OR = 3.02, que aumentaba con más 2 cesáreas con un OR = 5.91, con embarazo ectópico previo y antecedente de placenta previa. Edad materna avanzada, multiparidad, embarazo múltiple, un aborto y trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo no demostraron una relación estadística significativa en nuestro estudio. Las pacientes con placenta previa y antecedente de cirugía tuvieron un mayor riesgo de requerir una histerectomía. Las mujeres con placenta previa y antecedentes de cesáreas múltiples (2 o más) tuvieron un mayor riesgo de padecer placenta acreta con un OR = 18. Discusión: Nuestro estudio sugiere que abortos múltiples, cesárea previa, múltiples cesáreas anteriores, antecedente de placenta previa y antecedente de embarazo ectópico son factores de riesgo de desarrollar placenta previa.
[English] Introduction: Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Placenta previa is an important risk factor for obstetric hemorrhage. A number of risk factors have been described as significant for the development of placenta previa. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors related to placenta previa in pregnant women at the Dominican Women's Hospital in Santo Domingo in the period January 2017-November 2019. Methods: This observational, case-control study was conducted in the Dominican Women's Hospital from January 2018 to November 2019. The cases were women whose deliveries were complicated with placenta previa and the controls were deliveries without placenta previa. 16 cases and 76 controls were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Results: The relationship between placenta previa with a history of two or more abortions with an OR = 5.3 was demonstrated; with previous caesarean section OR = 3.02, which increased with more than 2 caesarean sections with an OR = 5.91, with previous ectopic pregnancy and diagnosis of placenta previa in a previous pregnancy. Advanced maternal age, multiparity, multiple pregnancy, abortion and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy did not demonstrate a significant statistical relationship in our study. Patients with placenta previa and a history of surgery had a higher risk of requiring a hysterectomy. Women with placenta previa and a history of multiple caesarean sections (2 or more) had a higher risk of suffering from placenta accreta with an OR = 18. Discussion: Our study suggests that multiple abortions, previous caesarean section, multiple previous caesarean sections, antecedents of placenta previa and history of ectopic pregnancy are risk factors of developing placenta previa.
